See more ideas about eleanor of aquitaine, plantagenet, house of plantagenet. Eleanor was the daughter and heiress of William X, duke of Aquitaine and count of Poitiers, who possessed one of the largest domains in France—larger, in fact, than those held by the French king. Henry II's troops besieged the town, forcing his son to flee. [23] Over the next 13 years, she bore Henry five sons and three daughters: William, Henry, Richard, Geoffrey, John, Matilda, Eleanor, and Joan. The effigy on her tomb shows a tall and large-boned woman with brown skin, though this may not be an accurate representation. Flower and Hawk is a monodrama for soprano and orchestra, written by American composer, Carlisle Floyd that premiered in 1972, in which the soprano (Eleanor of Aquitaine) relives past memories of her time as queen, and at the end of the monodrama, hears the bells that toll for Henry II's death, and in turn, her freedom. [4] She also learned domestic skills such as household management and the needle arts of embroidery, needlepoint, sewing, spinning, and weaving. Their marriage was annulled in 1152, and Louis maintained custody of their daughters. The couple married on Whitsun, 18 May 1152, eight weeks after the annulment of Eleanor's first marriage, in Poitiers Cathedral. Note on Wife: Eleanor of AQUITAINE. Marie de Champagne (c1193-bef1205) 4. "[28], In March 1173, aggrieved at his lack of power and egged on by Henry's enemies, his son by the same name, the younger Henry, launched the Revolt of 1173–1174. The season ending on Midsummer Day, Young Henry rode south to Aquitaine, where Richard was campaigning against his vassals the count of Angoulême and Viscount Aymar of Limoges, both sides manoeuvring large forces of mercenaries across the tortured landscape of south-west France. On 25 July 1137, Eleanor and Louis were married in the Cathedral of Saint-André in Bordeaux by the archbishop of Bordeaux. Eleanor survived Richard and lived well into the reign of her youngest son, King John. Her name (Alienor) means “the other Aenor”, and she may be the first woman to carry this name and so the first “Eleanor”. 16 talking about this. The French royal family retreated to Jerusalem and then sailed to Rome and made their way back to Paris. The French, both soldiers, and pilgrims, taken by surprise, were trapped. "[30] Once her sons had left for Paris, Eleanor may have encouraged the lords of the south to rise up and support them.[8]. She has been played by Martita Hunt in The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952), Jill Esmond in the British TV adventure series The Adventures of Robin Hood (1955–1960), Phyllis Neilson-Terry in the British TV adventure series Ivanhoe (1958), Yvonne Mitchell in the BBC TV drama series The Legend of Robin Hood (1975), Siân Phillips in the TV series Ivanhoe (1997), and Tusse Silberg in the TV series The New Adventures of Robin Hood (1997). Henri II de Champagne (1166-1197) 4. It may have been largely to teach manners, something the French courts would be known for in later generations. [6] Her parents almost certainly married in 1121. Eleanor was five when her father became duke of Aquitaine; she was his oldest child, and after the death of a brother, stood to inherit the duchy. In 1167, Eleanor's third daughter, Matilda, married Henry the Lion of Saxony. However, he died on Good Friday of that year (9 April). "Young Henry," son of Henry and Eleanor, wed Margaret, daughter of Louis from his second marriage. She was patron of literary figures such as Wace, Benoît de Sainte-Maure, and Bernart de Ventadorn. ", In spite of all these words of praise, no one left a more detailed description of Eleanor; the colour of her hair and eyes, for example, are unknown. Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204) 2. Nevertheless, rumours persisted, perhaps assisted by Henry's camp, that Eleanor had poisoned Rosamund. Judy Chicago's artistic installation The Dinner Party features a place setting for Eleanor,[33] and she was portrayed by Frederick Sandys in his 1858 painting, Queen Eleanor. Continuing on, the army became split, with the commoners marching towards Antioch and the royalty travelling by sea. Eleanor appears to have taken an ambivalent attitude towards these affairs. Hello! [20] While many historians[who?] [8] Some believe that Eleanor's court in Poitiers was the "Court of Love" where Eleanor and her daughter Marie meshed and encouraged the ideas of troubadours, chivalry, and courtly love into a single court. In a matter of weeks, peace had returned to France: Theobald's provinces were returned and Pierre de la Chatre was installed as archbishop of Bourges. Eleanor's year of birth is not known precisely: a late 13th-century genealogy of her family listing her as 13 years old in the spring of 1137 provides the best evidence that Eleanor was perhaps born as late as 1124. Eleanor of Aquitaine was born to William X, Duke of Aquitaine and Aenor de Châtellerault. [8] Even in an era when ladies of the nobility were excessively praised, their praise of her was undoubtedly sincere. Since Geoffrey was Eleanor's vassal, many believed that it was she who had been ultimately responsible for the change in plan, and thus the massacre. Geoffrey of York, for example, was an illegitimate son of Henry, but acknowledged by Henry as his child and raised at Westminster in the care of the queen. In the 2019 video game expansion Civilization VI: Gathering Storm, Eleanor is a playable leader for the English and French civilizations. Eleanor of Aquitaine’s Descendants Through Eleanor, Queen of Castile, A List of Eleanor of Aquitaine’s Descendants Through John, King of England, Petronilla: Learn About the Famous Sibling of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Medieval Queens, Empresses, and Women Rulers, Biography of King Richard I, the Lionheart, of England, Crusader, M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School, More details and generations: Eleanor of Aquitaine's Children and Grandchildren: Her First Marriage, William of England (1177 – 1177), born premature, died three days after birth, More details and generations: Eleanor of Aquitaine’s Descendants Through Matilda, Duchess of Saxony, More details and generations: Eleanor of Aquitaine’s Descendants Through Geoffrey II of Brittany, More details and generations: Eleanor of Aquitaine’s Descendants Through Eleanor, Queen of Castille, More details and generations: Eleanor of Aquitaine’s Descendants Through Joan, Queen of Sicily, More details and generations: Eleanor of Aquitaine’s Descendants Through John, King of England. [3] However, after the birth of her second daughter Alix, Louis agreed to an annulment, as 15 years of marriage had not produced a son. https://www.thoughtco.com/eleanor-of-aquitaines-children-and-grandchildren-3529605 (accessed April 3, 2021). On 11 March 1152, they met at the royal castle of Beaugency to dissolve the marriage. However, while camping near Nicea, the remnants of the German army, including a dazed and sick Conrad III, staggered past the French camp, bringing news of their disaster. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/eleanor-of-aquitaines-children-and-grandchildren-3529605. During Richard's absence, royal authority in England was represented by a Council of Regency in conjunction with a succession of chief justiciars – William de Longchamp (1190–1191), Walter de Coutances (1191–1193), and finally Hubert Walter. [25], Some scholars believe that the "court of love" probably never existed since the only evidence for it is Andreas Capellanus' book. Rather than act as guardian to the duchess and duchy, he decided to marry the duchess to his 17-year-old heir and bring Aquitaine under the control of the French crown, thereby greatly increasing the power and prominence of France and its ruling family, the House of Capet. In addition, having been close to him in their youth, she now showed what was considered to be "excessive affection" towards her uncle. He records some twenty-one cases, the most famous of them being a problem posed to the women about whether true love can exist in marriage. [8] Over the next few years Eleanor often travelled with her husband and was sometimes associated with him in the government of the realm, but still had a custodian so that she was not free. Although this was perhaps a better military plan, Louis was not keen to fight in northern Syria. Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122 – 1 April 1204) (French: Aliénor d'Aquitaine) was queen consort of France (1137–1152)[1] and England (1154–1189) and duchess of Aquitaine in her own right (1137–1204). On 25 October 1154, Henry became king of England. Matilda, Duchess of Saxony and of Bavaria. [5] On the other hand, some chronicles mention a fidelity oath of some lords of Aquitaine on the occasion of Eleanor's fourteenth birthday in 1136. He claims that Eleanor, her daughter Marie, Ermengarde, Viscountess of Narbonne, and Isabelle of Flanders would sit and listen to the quarrels of lovers and act as a jury to the questions of the court that revolved around acts of romantic love. She left for the Second Crusade from Vézelay, the rumoured location of Mary Magdalene's grave, in June 1147. She certainly left for her own city of Poitiers immediately after Christmas. When war broke out between John and Philip, Eleanor declared her support for John and set out from Fontevraud to her capital Poitiers to prevent her grandson Arthur I, Duke of Brittany, posthumous son of Eleanor's son Geoffrey and John's rival for the English throne, from taking control. Now 77, Eleanor set out from Poitiers. "Eleanor of Aquitaine's Children and Grandchildren." Louis's refusal and his forcing her to accompany him humiliated Eleanor, and she maintained a low profile for the rest of the crusade. Aenor’s father was Dangerossa’s first husband, Aimery. [20] Henry donated much money to Godstow Nunnery, where Rosamund was buried. Eleanor of Aquitaine's Children and Grandchildren. [8] Immediately after the wedding, the couple were enthroned as duke and duchess of Aquitaine. Eleanor was again unwell in early 1201. Her seal of c.1152 shows a woman with a slender figure, but this is likely an impersonal image.[8]. Their daughters were declared legitimate, custody was awarded to Louis, and Eleanor's lands were restored to her. She led armies several times in her life and was a leader of the Second Crusade. In the 2003 television film The Lion in Winter, Eleanor was played by Glenn Close alongside Patrick Stewart as Henry. The tree is ever growing so check out often to see what new names have been added. Aenor was born in 1103, in Châtellerault, Poitou-Charentes, France. Henry did not stop her; on the contrary, he and his army personally escorted her there before attacking a castle belonging to the rebellious Lusignan family. [4] The marriage was annulled on 21 March 1152 on the grounds of consanguinity within the fourth degree. The duke then set out for the Shrine of Saint James of Compostela in the company of other pilgrims. Accordingly, Louis declared on Christmas Day 1145 at Bourges his intention of going on a crusade. (2) In Aquitaine women had liberties rarely found elsewhere in Europe and they mixed freely with men. Within hours, the king had arranged for his son Louis to be married to Eleanor, with Abbot Suger in charge of the wedding arrangements. [Adelaide] perhaps [based] her preconceptions on another southerner, Constance of Provence ... tales of her allegedly immodest dress and language still continued to circulate among the sober Franks. Eleanor of Aquitaine's Children and Grandchildren. The character Queen Elinor appears in William Shakespeare's The Life and Death of King John, with other members of the family. This was the beginning of a period of greater freedom for the still-supervised Eleanor. [8][12][13] Louis gave the vase to the Basilica of St Denis. She stayed in Normandy for six months. Eleanor secured her freedom by agreeing to his demands. This was duly lifted for long enough to allow Theobald's lands to be restored; it was then lowered once more when Raoul refused to repudiate Petronilla, prompting Louis to return to Champagne and ravage it once more. The king, having scorned royal apparel in favour of a simple pilgrim's tunic, escaped notice, unlike his bodyguards, whose skulls were brutally smashed and limbs severed. Eleanor also lived well into the reign of Richard's heir and her youngest son, John. Raymond had plans to abduct Eleanor, to which she consented. Louis and Eleanor stayed in the Philopation palace just outside the city walls. "On the second day in Easter week, he was slain in the city by a man-at-arms in the service of Brandin,"[30] a rival mercenary captain. The Duchy of Aquitaine was the largest and richest province of France. One of his first acts as king was to send William Marshal to England with orders to release Eleanor from prison; he found upon his arrival that her custodians had already released her. She was compared with Penthesilea, mythical queen of the Amazons, by the Greek historian Nicetas Choniates. [9] Eleanor was extroverted, lively, intelligent, and strong-willed. In 1199, under the terms of a truce between King Philip II and King John, it was agreed that Philip's 12-year-old heir-apparent Louis would be married to one of John's nieces, daughters of his sister Eleanor of England, queen of Castile. The death of William, one of the king's most powerful vassals, made available the most desirable duchy in France. He fled to Paris. This tree is full of lines from numerous different people who all share one thing, a descendancy from Eleanor. On television, she has been portrayed in this play by Una Venning in the BBC Sunday Night Theatre version (1952) and by Mary Morris in the BBC Shakespeare version (1984). It is certain that by late 1166, Henry's notorious affair with Rosamund Clifford had become known, and Eleanor's marriage to Henry appears to have become terminally strained. Thus, in 1122 [sic 1137], Eleanor ofAquitaine and Louis VII got married. Attempts were made to claim Toulouse, the rightful inheritance of Eleanor's grandmother Philippa of Toulouse, but they ended in failure. Eleanor was educated not only in poetry but also in the world of politics, for she would soon become the duchess. Those who tried to escape were caught and killed. He had met her in 1166 and had begun their liaison in 1173, supposedly contemplating divorce from Eleanor. In response, Eleanor broke down and meekly excused her behaviour, claiming to be bitter because of her lack of children (her only recorded pregnancy at that time was in about 1138, but she miscarried[16]). Still without a son and in danger of being left with no male heir, as well as facing substantial opposition to Eleanor from many of his barons and her own desire for annulment, Louis bowed to the inevitable. Sometime between the end of March and the beginning of May, Eleanor left Poitiers, but was arrested and sent to the king at Rouen. She celebrated Easter in Bordeaux, where the famous warrior Mercadier came to her court. Eleanor's daughter, Queen Eleanor of Castile, had two remaining unmarried daughters, Urraca and Blanche. Outraged, Louis swore upon relics that so long as he lived Pierre should never enter Bourges. After wandering aimlessly through Aquitaine, Henry the Younger caught dysentery. Her parents' marriage had been arranged by Dangereuse with her paternal grandfather William IX. Eleanor is said to have been named for her mother Aenor and called Aliénor from the Latin Alia Aenor, which means the other Aenor. [Berman 228.][why?]) Eleanor was born in 1122 and died 1st April 1204. Henry and Eleanor are the main characters in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, which was made into a film in 1968 starring Peter O'Toole as Henry and Katharine Hepburn in the role of Eleanor, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress—Motion Picture Drama. William IX (1153 – 1156), Count of Poitiers. Eleanor remained in England with her daughter for the year prior to Matilda's departure for Normandy in September. Instead, he attempted to reconcile Eleanor and Louis, confirming the legality of their marriage. Of all her influence on culture, Eleanor's time in Poitiers between 1168 and 1173 was perhaps the most critical, yet very little is known about it. Christmas was celebrated at the royal court there, and she appears to have agreed to a separation from Henry. [8] Eleanor came to learn arithmetic, the constellations, and history. This suspicion of responsibility did nothing for her popularity in Christendom. Her first husband was Louis VII of France. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. Eleanor recruited some of her royal ladies-in-waiting for the campaign as well as 300 non-noble Aquitainian vassals. In response, Bernard became more kindly towards her: "My child, seek those things which make for peace. The French, with what remained of the Germans, then began to march in increasingly disorganised fashion towards Antioch. It was a gamble that did not pay off, and whether through military error or betrayal, the Damascus campaign was a failure. Listed here are some of the descendants of Eleanor of Aquitaine -- children, grandchildren and great grandchildren only -- who were kings, queens, empresses (the women usually as consorts though a few ruled in their own right): England: Henry the Young King, Richard I of England, John of England, Eleanor Fair Maid of Brittany was for a time proposed as the rightful ruler of England, Henry III of England. Eleanor became the heir presumptive to her father's domains. Eleanor of Aquitaine was born into one of the wealthiest, most educated, and highly affluent families in Europe during the Mid-Middle Ages. [14], Louis's tenure as count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine and Gascony lasted only a few days. After her father’s death, her status had risen sohigh that the king of France, Louis VI, became her legal protector. It was rumoured by some that Eleanor had had an affair with Henry's own father, Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou, who had advised his son to avoid any involvement with her. 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